If you are interested in this article, then you have already read positive feedback on sites and various forums. Already a lot of radio amateurs repeated this scheme, and, as we understand, did not regret your choice. It is clear that the sound quality transistor amplifiers exceed amplifiers implemented on chips. Lanzar has an amazingly low nonlinear distortion coefficient, and with a fairly wide range of supply voltage allows you to develop on the load of 50 ... 300 watts of power. And even with three hundred watts, these distortions do not exceed 0.08% in the entire audio band. Briefly about the amplifier parameters:
Coffe - 24 dB;
Coef. Neline distortion at 60% of power -% 0.04%;
The rate of increasing the output signal is at least 50 V / μs;
Input resistance - 22 com;
Signal / noise ratio, not less than 90 dB;
Supply voltage, ± 30 ... 65 V;
Output. Power - from 40 to 300 watts (depending on u power)
Schematic scheme Lanzar amplifier v3.1:
Pay attention to the resistors R3 and R6 are current-limiting resistors of parametric stabilizers formed by these resistors and VD1 and VD2 stabilids. The smaller the supply voltage, the less the denominations of these resistors.
● supply voltage ± 70 volts - 3.3 ... 3.9 kΩ;
● supply voltage ± 60 volts - 2.7 ... 3.3 kΩ;
● supply voltage ± 50 volts - 3.2 ... 2.7 com;
● supply voltage ± 40 volts - 1.5 ... 2.2 kΩ;
● supply voltage ± 30 volts - 1 ... 1.5 kΩ;
● Power supply ± 20 volts - it is better to choose another boom of amplifier for assembly.
The value of the constant voltage at the output of the amplifier depends on the value of R1. The diagram of the R1 ratio is 27 kΩ, you can put 22 com. Often it has to be selected in the range from 15 to 47 com.
In 2 resistors installed in the emitters of the differential cascade (R7, R12 and R9, R13) - the denominations of these resistors will directly depend on how accurately you can select the gain factors VT1, VT3 and VT2, VT4. More precisely, the gains of the gain of these transistors will be selected, the smaller the nominal value can be used in emitter chains, and the less the denomination of these resistors, the less nonlinear distortions made by the differential cascade. The ratings of resistors without selection of transistors should be about 82 ... 100 ohms. If transistors are selected - resistor rates can be reduced to 10 ohms.
The R14 resistor rating determines the amplifier gain coefficient.
The resistor standing between the Emitters of Transistors VT8 and VT9 - Nominal 47 Ohm. Not recommended to change.
Resistors facing the bases of the output transistors, their denomination may be within 1 ... 2.4 ohms.
Resistors in emitter chains of output transistors - power of at least 5 watts, denomination of 0.1 ... 0.3 ohms. Of course, the denominations of these resistors must be the same.
VD3 and VD4 diodes are designed for a current of 1 ... 1.5 amperes (brand - not fundamentally), the main thing is that they are the same.
At the inlet, two electrolytic capacitor are included in series with positive outputs, they form a non-polar container. And the film condenser included in parallel together with them create minimal beep distortion in the entire frequency range. Similar chain in chains feedback amplifier.
Capacitor C4 - interference. The nominal may be from 330 to 680 PF.
Capacitors C12 and C13 - Nominal 33 PF. They serve to reduce the speed of the amplifier, because without them the increasing output signal is too large, and the amplifier becomes prone to self-excitation. The exact same capacitor is connected to the parallel resistor R25, which determines the gain coefficient.
The R13 resistor can also adjust the gain coefficient.
Resistors in the VT7 transistor base circuit - Setting the current cascade of rest. VT7 is installed on the radiator with output transistors for thermal stabilization of the latter rest current. Strip resistor - multi-turn type 3296.
The coil - 10 turns of the wire with a diameter of 0.8 mm on a mandrel with a diameter of 12 mm.
The first inclusion of the amplifier is made after checking the installation for the presence of "snot". The reservoir regulator resistor engine in the upper extreme according to the position scheme, it means that the rest of the output cascade transistors should be minimal. It is also worth limiting the current developed by the power supply, for this consistently with power transformer The incandescent lamp includes 40 ... 60 watts. Let's supply the supply voltage to the scheme, and if after a short-term flash, the light bulb was extinct, or it glows so that the thread of the heat barely can be seen, it means there are no rough errors in the installation. We check the presence of zero at the output of the amplifier and the voltage on the VD1 and VD2 stabilods. Next, turn off the power and remove the incandescent bulb from the chain. Turn on the power again. Adjust variable resistor Current of resting the output cascade, it should be in the range of 70 ... 100 mA.
Printing board Lanzar amplifier:
Is there some more alternative version printed circuit board of this amplifier, her appearance It is shown in the figures below (this option is not checked, so check its correctness before proceeding to its manufacture, errors are possible):
Download the diagram and both options in Lay format in a direct link from our site. Also in the archive you will find the file in pDF formatFrom which also emphasize the mass of useful information. File size for download - 0.65 MB.
We collect Lanzar
The repetition of the same questions on each page of the discussion of this amplifier prompted me to write this small sketch. Everything written below is my idea of \u200b\u200bwhat you need to know beginnera radio amplifier who decided to make this amplifier and does not pretend to be absolute truth.
Suppose you are in finding a good scheme transistor amplifier. Such schemes, such as "Zueyeva's mind", "VP", "Natalie", and others seem difficult to you, or little experience for their assembly, but you want a good sound. Then you found what you were looking for! Lanzar is an amplifier built according to a classic symmetric scheme, a minimized cascade working in class AV., and has a fairly good sound, in the absence of complex customization and scarce components.
Amplifier scheme:
I found it necessary to make some minor changes in the original scheme: The gain coefficient is slightly elevated - up to 28 times (changed R14), the ratings of the input filter R1, R2, as well as on the advice Maybe I'm a leoratings of the Basic Divider Dimensor Divider (R15, R15 ') (R15, R15') (R15, R15 ') (R15, R15') for more smooth restriction. Changes are not critical. Numbering elements is saved.
Power amplifier
Power supply amplifier- The most expensive link in it, so you should start with it. Below a few words about IP.
Based on the load resistance and the desired output power is chosen required voltage Power (Table 1). This table is taken from the primary source site (interlavka.narod.ru), but , I personally ultimately it would not be recommended to operate this amplifier at the capacity of more than 200-220 watts.
Remember! This is not a computer, no super-cooling is needed, the design should not work at the limit of your capabilities, then you will get a reliable amplifier that will work for many years and please you with sound. After all, we decided to make a high-quality device, not a bouquet of New Year's fireworks, so all sorts of "pliers" let go forest.
At the power stresses below ± 45 V / 8 Ohm and ± 35 V / 4 Ohm, the second alarm output transistors (VT12, VT13) can not be put! With such power stresses, we obtain the output power of the order of 100 W, which is more than enough for the home. I note that if at such stresses it is still to install 2 pairs, then the output power will increase at all on a minor value of about 3-5 W. But if the "toad does not stroke", then in order to increase reliability, you can also put 2 pairs.
Transformer powercan be calculated using the program "PowerSup". The calculation based on the fact that the exemplary efficiency of the amplifier is 50-55%, and therefore the power of the transformer is equal to: PRATS \u003d (PVS * NKanalov * 100%) / efficiency Apply only if you want to listen to a sinusoid leeway long. The real musical signal, unlike sinus, the ratio of peak and average values \u200b\u200bis much smaller, therefore it makes no sense to spend money on excess transformer power, which will never be used anyway.
In the calculation I recommend choosing the most "heavy" peak factor (8 dB) so that your BP suddenly unfortunate if you suddenly decide to listen to music with such a P-F. By the way, the output power and supply voltage also recommended to calculate with this program. For Lanzara DU you can choose about 4-7 V.
More about the program "PowerSup"and the method of calculation is written on site. author (Audiokiller'a).
All this is especially true if you decide to buy a new transformer. If you already have in the covers already, and suddenly turned out to be greater power than the calculated one, then you can safely use it, the stock is a good thing, but fanaticism is not necessary. If you decide to make a transformer yourself, then on this page, Sergey Komarova has a normal method of calculation .
Immediately the scheme itself the simplest bipolar bplooks like that:
The scheme itself and items for its construction are well described by Mikhail (D-Evil) in Fak by TDA7294.
I will not repeat, I will note only amendment about the power of the transformer, described above, and diode bridge: Since Lanzara, the supply voltage may be higher than TDA729X, then the bridge must "hold", respectively, the reverse voltage, not less:
URB_MIN \u003d 1,2 * (1.4 * 2 * UPOLOBOVOTEMOV_Transformer) ,
where 1.2 is the reserve coefficient (20%)
And at high transformer capacities and tanks in the filter to protect the transformer and the bridge from colossal starting currents, the so-called should be used. Schema "Soft Start" or "Softstart".
Details of the amplifier
The list of parts for one channel is attached in the archive in
Some denominations require special explanations:
C1.- the separator capacitor must be good quality. According to the types of capacitors used as dividing, there are different opinions, so the sophisticated will be able to choose themselves the best way ongoing. For the rest, I recommend using film polypropylene capacitors of known brands like reef PHE426, etc., but in the absence of those laugging lavsane K73-17 quite suitable.
The lower boundary frequency depends on the capacitance of this capacitor, which will increase.
IN pCB From interlavka.narod.ru As C1 provides a landing space for a non-polar capacitor composed of two electrolytes, inclusive "minuses" to each other and "pluses" in the chain and stuck with a film capacitor 1 μF:
Personally, I would throw the electrolytes and left one film capacitor above the specified types, with a capacity of 1.5-3.3 μF - such a container is sufficient to operate the amplifier to the "wide strip". In case of work on the subwoofer, the capacity is required in more. Then it would be possible to add electrolytes with capacities of 22-50 μF x 25 V. However, the printed circuit board imposes its limitations, and the film capacitor 2.2-3.3 of the ICF is hardly robbed. Therefore, we put 2x22 MKF 25 V + 1 μF.
R3, R6.- ballast. Although initially, these resistors are chosen 2.7 com, I would recalculate them on the desired supply voltage of the amplifier by the formula:
R \u003d (Flash - 15V) / Ist (com) ,
where Ist is the stabilization current, Ma (about 8-10 mA)
L1 -10 turns of the wire of 0.8 mm per 12 mm mandrel, everything is lubricated with superclaim, and after drying inside the resistor is invested R31.
Electrolytic capacitors C8, C11, C16, C17narnings should be calculated not lower than the supply voltage with a reserve of 15-20%, for example, with a 50 V capacitors at ± 35 V, and at ± 50 V, it is already necessary to choose by 63 volts. The voltage of other electrolytic capacitors is indicated in the diagram.
Film capacitors (non-polar) are usually not made by less than 63 V, so there should be no problems here.
Strong resistor R15- Multi-turn, type 3296.
Under emitter resistorsR26, R27, R29 and R30- on the board are planning for wire ceramic SQP.5 watt resistors. The range of acceptable denominations is 0.22-0.33 ohms. Although SQP is far from the best option, but available.
Domestic resistors C5-16 can also be applied. I did not try, but maybe they will even be better than SQP.
Other resistors- C1-4 (carbon) or C2-23 (MLT) (metal). All except those specified separately - by 0.25 watts.
Some possible replacements:
- Paired transistors change to other couples. Drawing up a pair of transistors of two different steam is unacceptable.
- VT5 / VT6.can be replaced by 2SB649 / 2SD669. It should be noted that the Codoolevka of these transistors is a mirror relative to 2SA1837 / 2SC4793, and when using them you need to deploy 180 degrees relative to the board.
- VT8 / VT9.- 2SC5171 / 2SA1930
- VT7.- on BD135, BD137
- Diffcase transistors ( Vt.1 I.VT3.), (Vt.2 I.VT4.) It is desirable to pick up in pairs with the smallest variation of the beta (HFE) with the help of a tester. Accuracy 10-15% is quite enough. With a strong scattering, a slightly elevated level of constant voltage at the output is possible. The process is described by Mikhail (D-Evil) in the PA fake .
Another illustration of the measurement process of the beta:
Transistors 2SC5200 / 2SA1943 are the most expensive components in this scheme, they are often formed. Toshiba's real 2SC5200 / 2SA1943 have two trail searches and look like this:
The same output transistors are desirable to take from one batch (in Figure 512 - the party number, i.e. I will say both 2SC5200 with a number 512), then the rest current when installing two pairs will be even distributed to each pair.
Printed circuit board
The circuit board is taken with interlavka.narod.ru. Corrections on my part were mainly cosmetic, also corrected some errors in signed nominal nominal, such as confused resistors in the transistor of thermal stabilization and other trivia. The board is drawn from the part of the details. Mirroring for the manufacture of Lout do not need!
- IMPORTANT! Before Splivania each The item must be checked for health, resistance resistors is measured to avoid errors in the par, transistors are tester tester tester, and so on. Looking for similar errors later on the assembled board much more difficult, so it's better not to hurry and check everything. Skonomit Kuchtime and nerves.
- IMPORTANT! Before brewing strong resistor R15, he must be "died" so that in the rupture of the track impedance, i.e., if you look in the picture above, between the right and middle conclusion of D.B. All resistance of the trimmer.
- Jumpers to avoid accidental k.z. Better to do insulated wires.
- Transistors VT7-VT13mounted on a common radiator through insulating gaskets - mica with a thermal storage (for example, KTT-8) or "NOMACON". Mica is more preferable. Specified on the scheme VT8, VT9.in an isolated case, so their flanges just lubricate the thermal stuff. After installing on the radiator, the tester tester is checked for transistors (average legs) on the absence of K.Z. With radiator.
- Transistors VT5, VT6.also, it is necessary to install on small radiators - for example, 2 flat plates with dimensions of about 7x3 cm, in general, which is found in the covers, then put it, forb not only the thermal stuff.
- For better thermal contact Diffcasov transistors ( VT1 and VT3.), (VT2 and VT4.) You can also lubricate the thermal and press them to each other with a heat shrinkage.
First launch and setup
Once again, everything is checked carefully if everything is fine, there is no mistakes, "snot" anywhere, short circuits On the radiator, etc., then you can proceed to the first launch.
IMPORTANT! The first launch and configuration of any amplifier must be carried out with knapped to the ground inlet, with a power limit of power supply and without load . Then the chance to burn something greatly decreases. The simplest solution I use - incandescent lamp 60-150 Wincluded in a sequential primary winding of the transformer:
Run through the lamp the amplifier, measure the constant voltage at the output: normal values \u200b\u200b- no more than ± (50-70) MV. The "walking" of the constant within ± 10 mV is considered normal. Control the presence of voltages 15V on both stabilion. If everything is normal, nothing exploded, not burned, then proceed to the setting.
The lamp at startup is a working amplifier with a resting current \u003d 0 must briefly flash (due to the current when charging the containers in BP), and then go out. If the lamp burns brightly, then something faulty, turn off and looking for an error.
As already mentioned, the amplifier is easy to set up: only set rest current (TP)output transistors.
It should be exhibited on "heated" amplifier, i.e. Before installing, let him play for a while, 15-20 minutes. During the installation of the TP, the entrance must be shorted to the ground, and the output hanging in the air.
Poay current can be found by measuring the voltage drop at the emitter resistor pair, for example on R26and R27(Multimeter Set to the limit 200 mV, probes - on emitters VT10.and VT11):
In respondents, Iap \u003d UV / (R26 + R26) .
Further SMOOTHLY , without jerks, turn the trimmer and look at the testimony of the multimeter. Requires to install 70-100 Ma.. For those indicated in the figure, the resistor ratings are equivalent to the indication of the multimeter (30-44) MV.
The light bulb can start glowing a little. We check again the level of constant voltage at the output, if everything is normal, you can connect acoustics and listen.
Photo of the collected amplifier
Other helpful information and possible options elimination of unfamiliarity
Self-excitation amplifier:Indirectly determined by heat of the resistor in the Tsobel chain - R28.. It is significantly determined by oscilloscope. To eliminate try increasing the ratings of corrective containers C9.and C10.
The big level of the constant component at the output:choose Diffkazov transistors ( VT1 and VT3.), (VT2 and VT4.) By "Bett". If it does not help, or choose more precisely there is no possibility, you can try to change the nominal value of one of the resistors R4.and R5. But such a decision is not the best, it is better to choose transistors.
A variant of a small increase in sensitivity:Increase the sensitivity of the amplifier (coef. Strengthening) can be increased by increasing the resistor denomination R14.Coef. The gain can be calculated by the formula:
Ku \u003d 1 + r14 / r11 (times)
But you should not be too involved, since with increasing R14The depth of the OOS decreases and the unevenness of the frequency response is increasing. It is better to measure the level of the output voltage of the source at full volume (amplitude) and calculate which ku is necessary for the operation of the amplifier with a full scale of the output voltage, taking it with a reserve of 3 dB (before clipping).
For specifics, let the maximum, to which tolerate to raise ku - 40-50. If you need more, then make a preamp.
If any questions arose, write to the appropriate topic on the forum . Successful assembly!
In this article, I will show my Lanzar amplifier.The amplifier was going half a year ago to order, but at the end the customer changed his mind and I threw the work on it.
I remembered about him only now when the competition began. The amplifier is practically dodel, there is not enough pairs of wildfiers in the converter and need to achieve adequate protection of protection, and everything is ready. Unfortunately, the test of the amplifier in the video I will not spend, two main reasons is the lack of a powerful power supply of 12 volts and the second - the test speaker per 100 watts during past tests ordered long live, the diffuser simply jumped together with the coil, now I am without dynamics :) I measured the power, on 5 - almost 6 oks, it was 300-310 watts.
In this amplifier, one moment surprises me, with a 1000 W, the output transistors do not fade, although they were bought on IBE for 100 rubles / steam.
Below is the amplifier scheme.
The scheme was taken on the Internet, as well as the printed circuit board.
Now look at the converter scheme
The scheme drew myself, here we see the voltage converter on the IR2153, the frequency of the converter is 70 kHz, as power transistors appliedIRF3205, 2 pieces on the shoulder.
And - the power supply of the converter can be thrown (through the fuse of course) directly to the battery, because the transducer turning on the transducer only when 12 volts are filled with radio remote control, namely, on the foot of the nutrocircuit. This is such a tricky launch scheme. By the way, the cooler is powered not directly from the battery, and from a separate output of the converter specifically, so that it turns on only when the amplifier is turned on, and not spinning infinitely, which would not weakly reduce the life resource.
The transformer is wound on two folded rings permeability 2000
The primary winding contains 5 turns on each shoulder with a wire of 0.8mm in 10 lived. The main secondary winding has 26 + 26 turns with the same wire in 4 veins. PNH power winding contains 8 + 8 turns with the same wire. Winding for food cooler - 8 turns.
At the output, we have a two-polar voltage of + - 60 volts to power the amplifier and protection block, two-polar stabilized + -15 volts to power the FNC and single-sex stable 12 volt to power the cooler. All stresses are straightened by diode bridges. The main output is 4 FCF10A40 diode 10 amp 400 volts, they are sitting on the radiator. The remaining bridges are built from ultra-grade 1 UF4007 ampere diodes.
There are no vapor and protection schemes, but there are printed circuit boards with all the nominal components.
That's what I did in the end
So, it all started last year, when I wanted to collect a powerful amplifier for automobile subwoofer. The project was started in the summer of 2012 and lasted 3 long and painstaking months, and everything was delayed due to the lack of finance and time.
With the amplifier scheme, I also thought for a long time to choose? Among the sea schemes of high-quality amplifiers, the choice fell on the amplifier according to the Lanzara scheme.
Why is Lanzar? In essence, Lanzar is the simplest of all similar schemes, you can get quite high power (up to 350 watts).
The scheme has about simple design And a small number of components components, only after assembling and adjusting the amplifier, it was decided to purchase a subwoofer head. The box for the subwoofer did manually, it turned out very well.
Since then, a little over a year has passed and it was decided to make an amplifying complex of the Hi-Fi discharge. A total of 11 high-quality amplifiers were decided on a shared board!
With a sketchy and fees, it was not long ago, it was necessary only to go to the fee and start an assembly.
With reagents for etching, we have a problem, so the solution was made of 11 bottles of hydrogen peroxide, 8-bit citric acid bags and 5 teaspoons of a cook salt. All components need carefully mix to completely dissolve the salt and citric acid.
Hydrogen peroxide - was purchased at the pharmacy. They are sold in bottles of 100mg, 3 percent of hydrogen peroxide.
Lemonic acid - purchased in the nearest grocery store.
Salt salt - an ordinary food salt, I think, everyone has in the house.
Such a solution pokes the fee very quickly, everything went to everything about everything, although the solution put in the sun.
Overview Power Amplifier Lanzar
Frankly speaking, I was very surprised so much gaining the popularity of the expression an audio amplifier. As far as my worldview allows me, only one item can be under the sound amplifier. So he really strengthens the sound is no longer one dozen years. Moreover, the mouthpieces can enhance the sound in both directions.
As can be seen from the photo of the Ruor, it does not have anything in common with the electronics, nevertheless search queries Power amplifier are increasingly replaced by a sound amplifier, but the full name of this device, the sound frequency power amplifier is entered only 29 times a month against 67,000 requests a sound amplifier.
Straight it is interesting with what it is connected ... But it was a prologue, and now the fairy tale itself:
The schematic diagram of the power amplifier Lanzar is shown in Figure 1. This is a practically typical symmetrical diagram, which made it possible to seriously reduce nonlinear distortion to a very low level.
This scheme is known for quite a long time, in the eighties of the Bolotniks and Atayev in the eighties, brought a similar scheme on the domestic elementary base in the book " Practical schemes High-quality sound playback. However, work with this scheme engineering began several not from this amplifier.
It all started from the PPI 4240 autmobile amplifier scheme that was successfully repeated:
Circuit diagram of the car amplifier PPI 4240
Then there was an article "We open the amplifier -2" from Iron Shikhman (the article unfortunately removed from the author's site). It was discussed about the scheme engineering of the Lanzar RK1200C car amplifier, where the same symmetrical circuitry was used as an amplifier.
It is clear that it is better to see once than hear than a hundred times, so digging in his one hundred years recorded discs I found the original article and cite it as a quote:
Open the amplifier - 2
A.I.Shikhatov 2002.
New approach The construction of the amplifiers implies the creation of a line of devices using similar schemes, uniform nodes and style design. This allows, on the one hand, to reduce the cost of designing and making, on the other, it expands the choice of equipment when creating an audio system.
The new line of the Lanzar Rack series amplifiers is made in the spirit of studio equipment installed in the rack (REC). On the front panel with dimensions of 12.2x2.3 inches (310x60mm), controls are installed, on the back - all connectors. With such a layout, not only the appearance of the system is improved, but also work is simplified - the cables do not interfere. On the front panel, you can mount the included fasteners and handles for carrying, then the device acquires a studio look. The ring backlight of the sensitivity controller only enhances the similarity.
Radiators are located on the side of the amplifier, which allows you to recruit several devices, without disturbing their cooling. This is undoubted convenience when creating expanded audio systems. However, when installing in a closed rack, it is necessary to worry about air circulation - install supply and exhaust fans, thermal sensors. In short, professional equipment in everything requires a professional approach.
The ruler includes six dual-channel and two four-channel amplifiers, differing only in the output power and the length of the housing.
The structural scheme of the Lanzar Amplifier Crossover RK is shown in Figure 1. Detailed scheme Not given, since there is nothing original in it, and not this node defines the main characteristics of the amplifier. The same or similar structure is used in most modern amplifiers of the average price category. A set of functions and characteristics are optimized with many factors:
On the one hand, the possibilities of the crossover must allow without additional components to build standard audio options (front plus subwoofer). On the other hand, enter a complete set of functions into the built-in crossover there is no particular sense: it will noticeably increase the cost, but in many cases will remain unclaimed. The performance of complex tasks is more convenient to impose on external crossovers and equalizers, and the built-in - disable.
In the design used dual operating amplifiers Kia4558s. These are low-noise amplifiers with low self-distortion, designed with "sound" applications. As a result, they are widely used in pre-enhancement and crossover cascades.
The first cascade is a linear amplifier with a changeable amplification coefficient. It coordinates the output voltage of the signal source with the sensitivity of the power amplifier, since the transmission coefficient of all other cascades is one.
The following cascade is the bass boost regulator (BASS BOOST). In the amplifiers of this series, it allows you to increase the signal level at a frequency of 50 Hz to 18 dB. In the products of other firms, the rise is usually less (6-12 dB), and the adjustment frequency may be in the region of 35-60 Hz. By the way, such a regulator requires a good reserve power of the amplifier: an increase in the gain by 3 dB corresponds to the doubling of power, by 6 dB - accounting, and so on.
It reminds the legend about the inventor of Chess, who asked for Raji for the first cell of the board one grain, and for each subsequent - twice as much grains than behind the previous one. A frivolous Raja could not fulfill a promise: there was no such grain on the whole earth ... We are in a more advantageous position: an increase in level of 18 dB will increase the power of the signal "total" 64 times. In our case, in stock 300 W, but not every amplifier boasts such a reserve.
Next, the signal can be submitted to the power amplifier directly, or to highlight the required frequency band by filters. The crossover part consists of two independent filters. The FNH is rebuilt in the range of 40-120 Hz and is designed to work solely with the subwoofer. The rearrangement range of the PVCH is noticeably wider: from 150 Hz to 1.5 kHz. In this form, it can be used to work with a broadband front or for the SC-HF strip in the system with an extinct strengthening. The limits of the restructuring, by the way, were chosen for a reason: in the range from 120 to 150 Hz, a "hole" is obtained in which the acoustic resonance of the cabin can be hidden. It is noteworthy that the bass booster is not turned off in any of the modes. The use of this cascade simultaneously with FVCs allows you to adjust the frequency response in the area of \u200b\u200bthe salon resonance is no worse than the equalizer.
The last cascade is a secret. His task is to invert the signal in one of the channels. This will allow nonsense additional devices Use the amplifier in the bridge inclusion.
A constructive crossover is made on a separate printed circuit board, which is inserted from the amplifier board using the connector. Such a solution allows for the entire line of amplifiers to use only two variants of the crossover: two-channel and four-channel. The latter, by the way, is simply a "doubled" option of the two-channel and its section is completely independent. The main difference is the changed wiring of the printed circuit board.
Amplifier
The Lanzar Power Amplifier is made according to the Model Scheme described in Figure 2. With minor variations, it can be found in most of the average and lower price category amplifiers. The difference only in the types of parts applied, the number of output transistors and supply voltage. A diagram of the right channel of the amplifier is shown. The diagram of the left channel is exactly the same, only the numbers of the parts begin on a single one instead of two.
At the inlet of the amplifier, the R242-R243-C241 filter is installed, eliminating the radio frequency tips from the power supply. The C240 \u200b\u200bcapacitor does not pop into the power amplifier input permanent signal component. At ACH amplifier in the sound frequency range, these chains do not affect.
To avoid clicking on the times of turning on and off, the input of the amplifier closes the common wire with the transistor key (this node is discussed later, along with the power supply). The R11A resistor eliminates the possibility of self-excitation of the amplifier with a closed input.
The scheme of the amplifier is completely symmetrical from the input before the exit. Dual differential cascade (Q201-Q204) at the inlet and cascade on the transistors Q205, Q206 provide a voltage gain, the remaining cascades - strengthening over the current. The cascade on the transistor Q207 stabilizes the rest of the amplifier. To eliminate his "asymmetry" on high frequencies, It is drawn by the C253 Malar Capacitor.
The driver's cascade on the transistors Q208, Q209, as it should be the preset, works in class A.. To its output, the "floating" load is connected to its output - the R263 resistor from which the signal is removed to excite the output cascade transistors.
Two output cascade couple of transistorsIt allowed to remove the 300 W rated power from it and up to 600 W peak. Resistors in the circuits of the base and emitter eliminate the effects of technological scattering of the characteristics of transistors. In addition, the resistors in the emitter circuit serve as current sensors for the overload protection system. It is made on the transistor Q230 and controls the current of each of the four transistors of the output cascade. With increasing current through a separate transistor to 6 A or current of the entire output stage, up to 20 A transistor opens, issuing the command on the blocking circuit of the supply voltage converter.
The gain is defined by the R280-R258-C250 negative feedback chain and is 16. Corrective capacitors C251, C252, C280 provide the stability of the amplifier covered by the OOS. The output circuit R249, C249 compensates for the growth of the impedance of the load on ultrasound frequencies and also prevents self-excitation. In the audio chains of the amplifier, only two electrolytic non-polar capacitor are used: C240 \u200b\u200bat the inlet and C250 in the OOS circuit. In view of large tank Replace their capacitors of other types is extremely difficult.
The power supply unit of high power power supply is made on field transistors. The feature of the power supply is separate output cascades of the converter to power the power amplifiers of the left and right channels. Such a structure is characteristic of enhanced power amplifiers and reduces transitional interference between the channels. For each converter there is a separate LC filter in the power circuit (Figure 3). D501 diodes, D501A protect the amplifier from erroneous inclusion in incorrect polarity.
In each converter, three pairs of field transistors and a transformer wound on the ferrite ring are used. The output voltage of the converters is rectified by diode assemblies D511, D512, D514, D515 and smoothed with filter capacitors with a capacity of 3300 μF. The output voltage of the converter is not stable, so the power of the amplifier depends on the voltage on-board network. From the negative voltage of the right and positive voltage of the left channel, parametric stabilizers form voltages +15 and -15 volts to power the crossover and differential cascades of power amplifiers.
The Specific Generator uses the KIA494 chip (TL494). The Q503 transistors, Q504 cover the microcircuit output and speed up the closing of the key transistors of the output cascade. The supply voltage is submitted to the specifying generator constantly, the turning control is made directly from the signal source Remote circuit. Such a solution simplifies the design, but in the off state the amplifier consumes a slight reaches (several milliamperes).
The protection device is performed on the KIA358S chip containing two comparators. The electron voltage is fed to it directly from the Remote chain of the signal source. Resistors R518-R519-R520 and the thermal sensor form a bridge, the signal from which is filed for one of the comparators. On the other comparator via the formator on the transistor Q501 is given a signal from the overload sensor.
When overheating an amplifier at the output of 2 microcircuits appears high level Voltage, the same level arises with an output 8 when overloading the amplifier. In any emergency signals from the exit of comparators through diode scheme Or (D505, D506, R603) block the operation of the defining generator 16. Recovery of work occurs after eliminating the causes of overload or cooling of the amplifier below the thermal sensor trigger threshold.
The overload indicator is originally performed: the LED is on between the voltage source +15 V and the on-board network voltage. For normal work The voltage is applied to the LED in the reverse polarity and it does not shine. When the converter is blocked, the voltage is +15 V disappears, the overload indicator LED is turned on between the source of the onboard voltage and the shared wire in the forward direction and starts glowing.
On the transistors Q504, Q93, Q94, the power amplifier input is performed at the time of transient processes when it turns on and off. When the amplifier is turned on, the C514 capacitor is slowly charged, the transistor Q504 is in the open state. The signal from the collector of this transistor opens the keys Q94, Q95. After charging the condenser, the Q504 transistor closes, and the voltage -15 V from the power supply of the power supply securely blocks the keys. When the amplifier is turned off, the transistor Q504 is instantly opens through the D509 diode, the capacitor is quickly discharged and the process is repeated in reverse order.
Design
The amplifier is mounted on two printed circuit boards. At one of them there are an amplifier and a voltage converter, to the other - the elements of the crossover and the indicators of inclusion and overload (in the diagrams are not shown). The boards are made of high-quality fiberglass with a protective coating of the tracks and are mounted in the housing of the aluminum profile of the P-shaped section. Powerful transistors The amplifier and power supply are pressed with overlays to the side shelves of the case. Outside to the sidewalls attached profiled radiators. Front I. rear panels The amplifier is made of anodized aluminum profile. The whole design is mounted with screws-screws with heads under the hexagon. Here, in fact, everything is the rest seen in the photos.
As can be seen from the article, the original amplifier Lanzar and in itself it is rather not bad, but I wanted better ...
We climbed on the forums, of course, on Vegalab, but I did not find any special upload - just one person sounded. Perhaps it is for the better - there is no heap of co-authors. Well, in general, the birthday of Lanzar can be considered exactly this appeal - at the time of writing the comment, the board has already been etched and rustled almost completely.
So Lanzar has ten years old ...
After several months of experiments, the first version of this amplifier called "Lanzar" appeared, although of course it would be fair to call him "PIIIA" - it started all that it was from him. However, the word Lanzar sounds much more pleasant for the ear.
If someone suddenly deems the name of the attempt to play on the brand name, then I dare to assure it - nothing like that in my thoughts was and the amplifier could get absolutely any name. However, he began in honor of Lanzar in honor of Lanzar, since it is this car equipment that it falls into that small list who personally respects the collective behavior that worked on the adjustment of this amplifier.
Wide range The supply voltages make it possible to build an amplifier with a power of 50 to 350 W, and with the power up to 300 W at the umzch kof. nonlinear distortion It does not exceed 0.08% in the entire sound range, which allows the amplifier to the Hi-Fi discharge.
The figure shows the appearance of the amplifier.
The scheme of the amplifier is completely symmetrical from the input before the exit. Double differential cascade (VT1-VT4) at the inlet and cascade on the VT5 transistors, VT6 provide a strengthening by voltage, the remaining cascades - current gain. The cascade on the VT7 transistor stabilizes the rest of the amplifier. To eliminate its "asymmetry" at high frequencies, it is drawn by the C12 capacitor.
Driver Cascade on VT8 transistors, VT9, as it should be the preliminary cascade, works in class A. To its output, the "floating" load is connected to its output - the R21 resistor from which the signal is removed to excite the output cascade transistors. Two pairs of transistors were used in the output cascade, which made it possible to remove with it up to 300 W rated power. Resistors in the circuits of the base and emitter eliminate the effects of technological scattering of the characteristics of transistors, which made it possible to abandon the selection of transistors by parameters.
We remind you that when using transistors of one batch, the variation in parameters between the transistors does not exceed 2% - this is the manufacturer's data. Really rarely rare the poles out of three percentage zone. In the amplifier, only "one party" end transistors are used, which together with balanced resistors made it possible to maximize the modes of operation of transistors among themselves. However, if the amplifier is being done for himself, it will not be useless to take a check stand in the end of this article.
Regarding circuitry, it remains only to add that such a circuitry solution gives another plus - complete symmetry eliminates the transition processes in the terminal cascade (!), I.e. At the time of turning on the outlet of the amplifier, there are no emissions that are characteristic of most discrete amplifiers.
Figure 1 - Schematic diagram of Lanzar amplifier. Enlarge.
Figure 2 - the appearance of the Lanzar V1 amplifier.
Figure 3- Appearance Amplifier Lanzar Mini
Schematic diagram of a powerful pop power amplifier 200W 300 W 400 W UMPS on high quality transistors Hi-Fi UMP
Technician characteristics of power amplifier:
390
As can be seen from the characteristics - the Lanzar amplifier is very universal and can be successfully used in any power amplifiers where required good characteristics Ump and high output power.
Of course, you can certainly praise this amplifier for quite a long time, but it is not modestically engaged in self-harvesting. Therefore, we decided to see the reviews of those who heard how it works. For a long time I did not have to - on the soldering iron forum, this amplifier has long been discussing, so see: There were certainly negative, but the first from the wrong amplifier, the second from the unnecessary option on the domestic configuration ... Amplifier sound Frequency The mind of Lanzar on the basis of powerful bipolar transistors will allow you to collect a very high-quality sound frequency amplifier in a short range of the VEREMENI. Power ± 70 V - 3.3 com ... 3.9 com Of course, all resistors are 1 W, stabilids on 15V preferably 1.3 W By heating VT5, V6 - in this case, you can increase the radiators on them or increase their ammider resistors from 10 to 20 ohms. About the power filter capacitors Lanzar amplifier: |
Since this amplifier is quite high and quite often come questions about his independent manufacture The following articles were written:
Amplifiers on transistors. Basics of scheme engineering
Amplifiers on transistors. Construction of a symmetric amplifier
Tuning Lanzara and change circuitry
Lanzar Power Amplifier
Increase the reliability of power amplifiers on the example of the Lanzar amplifier
The penultimate article pretty intensively uses the parameter measurement results using the Microcap-8 simulator. How to use this program is described in detail in the articles trilogy:
Agovick. Childish
Agovick. YOUTHFUL
Agovick. ADULT
Buy transistors for amplifier Lanzar |
|
Well, for the last, I would like to give the impressions of one of the ponings of this scheme, who collected this amplifier alone:
The amplifier sounds very good, the high dumping factor represents a completely different level of reproduction of the LF, and the high speed of the signal increases perfectly copes with the playback of even the most smallest sounds in the RF and SC band.
You can say a lot about the adoles of the sound, but the main advantage of this amplifier is that it does not contribute to any color in the sound - it is neutral in this plan, and only repeats and enhances the signal from the sound source.
Many who heard how this amplifier sounds (assembled according to this scheme) gave the highest assessment of its sound, as a home amplifier for high-quality speakers, and endurance in * approximate to military actions * The conditions gives a chance to use it professionally for visiting various outdoor activities. , as well as in the halls.
For a simple comparison, I will give an example that will be most relevant among radio amateurs, as well as among already * sophisticated good sound*
In the musical phonogram of Gregorian-Moment of Peace, the monks chorus sounds so realistic that it seems as if the sound passes through, and the female vocal sounds as if the singer stands right in front of the listener.
When using speakers of tested by time, such as 35As012 and they receive new breathing, and even on the maximum volume, it is also clearly.
For example, for loud music lovers, when listening to the Korn Ft music track. Skrillex - Get Up
Columns with confidence and without noticeable distortion were able to play all the difficult moments.
As the opposite of this amplifier, an amplifier was taken to TDA7294 which is already at the capacity less than 70W per 1 channel was able to overload 35As012 so that it was clearly audible as the coil of the dynamics beating about the core, which is fraught with a dynamics breakdown and as a result of loss.
What can not be said about the amplifier * Lanzar * - even when the power column is supplied to these columns, about 150W columns continued to work perfectly, and the dynamics was as well managed that no outsided sounds just not.
IN musical composition Evanescence - What You Want
The scene is so worked out that even the blows of drum sticks are heard about each other and in the composition Evanescence - Lithium Official Music Video
The Scep Party is replaced by an electric guideline, so that the hair is just beginning to move on the head, because it's not any * tightening * there is simply no sound, but fast transitions They are perceived as if you sweat sicks 1, one moment and you immerse yourself in a new world. Not for the existence of vocals that throughout the composition makes generalization to these transitions, giving harmony.
In the Nightwish - Nemo composition
The drums sound like shots, clearly and without rams, and the grommet rolls at the beginning of the composition simply make it look around.
In the Armin Van Buuren FT composition. Sharon Den Adel - In and Out Of Love
We again plunge into the world of sounds that permeate us through giving a feeling of the presence (and this is without any equalizers and additional streames)
In the composition Johnny Cash Hurt
We are immersed in the world of harmonious sound, and the vocals and guitar sound so clearly that even the growing rate of execution is perceived as if we sit behind the wheel of a powerful car and press the gas pedal to the floor, while I don't let go all stronger.
With a good source of sound signal and good acoustics, the amplifier at all * does not bother * even on the highest volume.
As I was visiting my friend and wanted to listen to what this amplifier was capable of, putting a track in Aas Eagles - Hotel California, he twisted tools tools, chest felt from the table as if well-rolled boxer blows The glass was called in the wall, and we were quite comfortable to listen to music, while the room was 14.5m2 with a 2.4m ceiling.
They put ED_SOLO-AGE_OF_DUB, the glass was cracked in two doors, the sound was felt with all the body, but the head was not sick.
The board on the basis of which video was done in Lay-5 format.
If you collect two amplifier Lanzar, is it possible to include their bridge?
You can of course, but for a start a little lyrics:
For a typical amplifier, the output power depends on the supply voltage and load resistance. Because we have aware of the implementation of the load, and we already have food sources, then how much to take steam output transistors remains to find out.
The theoretically, the total output power of the alternating voltage is made of power out of the output cascade, which consists of two transistors - one N-P-N, the second P-N-P, therefore, each transistor is loaded at half the total power. For sweet couple 2SA1943 and 2SC5200, thermal power is 150 W, therefore, based on the above conclusion from one pair of outputs, you can shoot 300 watts.
But only practice shows that in this mode, the crystal simply does not have time to give heat into the radiator and the heat testing is guaranteed, because the transistors need to be isolated, and insulating gaskets, no matter how thin they, they still increase the thermal resistance, and the surface of the radiator is unlikely Who polishes to micron accuracy ...
So for normal operation, for normal reliability, quite many have accepted several other formulas for calculating the required amount of output transistors - the output power of the amplifier should not get used to the thermal power of a single transistor, and not the total pair power. In other words, if each tanzistor of the output stage can dispel 150 W, the output power of the amplifier should not exceed 150 W if the output transistors are two pairs, then the output power should not be accommodated 300W, if three - 450, if four - 600.
Well, now the question is if a typical amplifier can give 300W and we will turn on two such amplifiers with a bridge, what will happen?
That's right, the output power will increase by about two times, but the thermal power dissipated on the transistors will increase by 4 times ...
So it turns out that for the promisculation of the bridge circuit, no longer 2 pairs of outputs and 4 on each half of the bridge amplifier will be required.
And immediately ask yourself a question - is it necessary to drive 8 pairs of expensive transistors to obtain 600 watts, if you can do four pairs by increasing the supply voltage?
Well, there is certainly the case of the host ....
Well, and several options for printed circuit boards under this amplifier will not be superfluous. There are copyright options, there are taken from the Internet, so the fee is better to double-check - there will be a training for mind and fewer problems while adjusting the collected option. Some options were corrected, so that errors may not be, and maybe something else escaps ...
Stayed not lit another question - assembling Amplifier Lanzar on the domestic element database.
Of course, I understand that the crab sticks are not made from crabs, but from fish. Also Lanzar. The fact is that in all attempts to build on domestic transistors The most running - KT815, KT814, KT816, KT817, KT818, KT819 are used. These transistors and the gain is less and the frequency of single amplification, so that the Lanzarovsky sound you will not hear. But there is always an alternative. At one time, Bolotnikov and Atayev offered something similar in circuitry, and also quite not bad sounding:
In detail about which power you need a power supply for power amplifier, you can make the video below. For example, the StoneCold amplifier is taken, however, this measurement gives an understanding that the power of the network transformer can be less than the power of the amplifier by about 30%.
At the end of the article, I would like to note that a bipolar power supply is required to this amplifier, since the output voltage is formed from a positive shoulder of nutrition and negative. The diagram of such a power source is given below:
On the overall power of the transformer, the conclusions can be made video viewed above, but for the rest of the details I do not have a great explanation.
The secondary winding should be wound with a wire, the cross section of which is calculated on the overall power of the transformer plus a correction to the shape of the core.
For example, we have two channels of 150 W, therefore, the overall power of the transformer must be at least 2/3 from the power of the amplifier, i.e. With the power of the amplifier, 300 W, the transformer power must be equal to at least 200 W. When powering ± 40 V loading 4 Ohm, the amplifier just develops about 160 W per channel, which, consequently flowing through the wire, the current is 200 W / 40 V \u003d 5 A.
If the transformer has a c-shaped core shape, then the tension in the wire is not worth exceeding 2.5 and per square mm section - so smaller the heating of the wire, and the voltage drop is less. If the core is toroidal, then the tension can be increased to 3 ... 3.5 A per 1 square mm wire section.
Based on the above, the seconder must be wounded with two wires and the beginning of one winding is connected to the ends of the second winding (the connection point is marked in red). The wire diameter is d \u003d 2 x √S / π.
At tension 2.5 and we obtain the diameter of 1.6 mm, with a tension of 3.5 and we obtain a diameter of 1.3 mm.
The diode bridge VD1-VD4 is not enough that it should calmly withstand the resulting current of 5 A, it must be withstanding a current that occurs at the time of inclusion when you need to charge the C3 and C4 filter filter housing more voltageThe greater the capacity, the higher the value of this starting current. Therefore, diodes must be at least 15 amps for our example, and in the event of an increase in the supply voltage and the use of amplifiers with two pairs of transistors in the terminal stage, diodes are needed by 30-40 amps or a soft start system.
Capacity C3 and C4 capacitors based on the Soviet scheme engineering 1000 μF for every 50 W power of the amplifier. For our example, the total output to power is 300 W, it is 6 times 50 W, consequently the capacity of the power filter capacitor should be 6000 μF in the shoulder. But 6000 is not a typical value, therefore, they are rounded to the standard one and we get 6800 μF.
Frankly speaking such capacitors come across not often, therefore we put on each shoulder of 3 capacitor by 2200 μF and we get 6600 μF, which is quite acceptable. The question can be solved somewhat easier - use one condenser for 10000 μF